Nationalism - Process Step 5 - Revision history

Admin at 21:27, 9 September 2023

2023-09-09T21:27:52Z

Admin at 21:26, 9 September 2023

2023-09-09T21:26:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 9 September 2023
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	\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart'''</span>		\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart'''</span>
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	\| style="width: 50%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES'''</span><br>		\| style="width: 50%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES'''</span><br>
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	<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">tually toppled these empires.</span>		<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >tually toppled these empires.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Breakup of the Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire brought together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. With its victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Prussia gained control of the newly organized North German Confederation, a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">union of Prussia and 21 smaller German political units. Then, pressured by the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''The Breakup of the Austrian Empire:''' The Austrian Empire brought together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. With its victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Prussia gained control of the newly organized North German Confederation, a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >union of Prussia and 21 smaller German political units. Then, pressured by the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Russian Empire Crumbles Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">ruled over 22 million Ukrainians, 8 million Poles, and smaller numbers of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians,</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''The Russian Empire Crumbles:''' Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ruled over 22 million Ukrainians, 8 million Poles, and smaller numbers of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians,</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">on all the ethnic groups  in the empire. This policy actually strengthened ethnic</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. The weakened czarist empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917. </span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >on all the ethnic groups  in the empire. This policy actually strengthened ethnic</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. The weakened czarist empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917. </span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Ottoman Empire Weakens The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">World War I.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''The Ottoman Empire Weakens: '''The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >World War I.</span>
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			\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center; height: 59px;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN (HAPSBURG) EMPIRE '''</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''ETHNICITY MAP'''</span><br>
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			\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''RUSSIAN EMPIRE '''</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''ETHNICITY MAP'''</span><br>
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			\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''OTTOMAN EMPIRE'''</span><br>
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	<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Process Step 4]] [[Image:next.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Evaluation\|]]</center>		<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Process Step 4]] [[Image:next.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Evaluation\|]]</center>

Admin at 17:15, 9 September 2023

2023-09-09T17:15:23Z

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	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Ottoman Empire Weakens The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">World War I.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Ottoman Empire Weakens The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">World War I.</span>
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Admin at 17:13, 9 September 2023

2023-09-09T17:13:45Z

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	\| style="width: 50%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES'''</span><br>		\| style="width: 50%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES'''</span><br>
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			<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">tually toppled these empires.</span>
	<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >tually toppled these empires.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The ~~ ~~Breakup ~~ ~~of ~~ ~~the ~~ ~~Austrian ~~ ~~Empire The Austrian ~~ ~~Empire ~~ ~~brought ~~ ~~together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >In ~~ ~~1866, ~~ ~~Prussia ~~ ~~defeated ~~ ~~Austria ~~ ~~in ~~ ~~the Austro-Prussian ~~ ~~War. With ~~ ~~its ~~ ~~victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Prussia ~~ ~~gained ~~ ~~control ~~ ~~of ~~ ~~the ~~ ~~newly ~~ ~~organized ~~ ~~North ~~ ~~German ~~ ~~Confederation, ~~ ~~a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >union ~~ ~~of ~~ ~~Prussia ~~ ~~and ~~ ~~21 ~~ ~~smaller ~~ ~~German ~~ ~~political ~~ ~~units. Then, ~~ ~~pressured ~~ ~~by ~~ ~~the</span~~><br~~><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist ~~<br>~~dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Breakup of the Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire brought together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. With its victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Prussia gained control of the newly organized North German Confederation, a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">union of Prussia and 21 smaller German political units. Then, pressured by the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The Russian Empire Crumbles Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ruled ~~ ~~over ~~ ~~22 ~~ ~~million ~~ ~~Ukrainians, ~~ ~~8 ~~ ~~million ~~ ~~Poles, ~~ ~~and ~~ ~~smaller ~~ ~~numbers ~~ ~~of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians,</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Russian Empire Crumbles Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">ruled over 22 million Ukrainians, 8 million Poles, and smaller numbers of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians,</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >on ~~ ~~all ~~ ~~the ~~ ~~ethnic ~~ ~~groups  in ~~ ~~the ~~ ~~empire. This ~~ ~~policy ~~ ~~actually ~~ ~~strengthened ~~ ~~ethnic</span~~><br~~><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >nationalist ~~ ~~feelings ~~ ~~and ~~ ~~helped ~~ ~~to ~~ ~~disunify ~~ ~~Russia. The ~~ ~~weakened ~~ ~~czarist ~~ ~~empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917. </span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">on all the ethnic groups  in the empire. This policy actually strengthened ethnic</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. The weakened czarist empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917. </span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The Ottoman Empire Weakens The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >again ~~ ~~in ~~ ~~1915. ~~ ~~Like Austria-Hungary, ~~ ~~the ~~ ~~Ottoman ~~ ~~Empire ~~ ~~broke ~~ ~~apart ~~ ~~soon ~~ ~~after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >World War I.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The Ottoman Empire Weakens The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">World War I.</span>
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Admin at 17:10, 9 September 2023

2023-09-09T17:10:34Z

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			\| style="width: 50%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES'''</span><br>
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			<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >tually toppled these empires.</span>

			<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The  Breakup  of  the  Austrian  Empire The Austrian  Empire  brought  together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >In  1866,  Prussia  defeated  Austria  in  the Austro-Prussian  War. With  its  victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Prussia  gained  control  of  the  newly  organized  North  German  Confederation,  a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >union  of  Prussia  and  21  smaller  German  political  units. Then,  pressured  by  the</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist <br>dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>

			<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The Russian Empire Crumbles Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ruled  over  22  million  Ukrainians,  8  million  Poles,  and  smaller  numbers  of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians,</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>

			<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >on  all  the  ethnic  groups  in  the  empire. This  policy  actually  strengthened  ethnic</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >nationalist  feelings  and  helped  to  disunify  Russia. The  weakened  czarist  empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917. </span>

			<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The Ottoman Empire Weakens The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >again  in  1915.  Like Austria-Hungary,  the  Ottoman  Empire  broke  apart  soon  after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >World War I.</span>
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Admin at 22:16, 4 September 2023

2023-09-04T22:16:05Z

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	\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart'''</span>		\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart'''</span>
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	~~<span style="font-size~~: ~~14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Questions'''</span>~~		[[File:European+Powers+Divide+Up+Ottoman+Empire.jpg\|600px\|center\|frameless]]

	~~# <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Name three (3) Empires that nationalism broke apart and for each describe in detail how nationalism affected them.</span>~~
	~~# <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Do you think nationalism plays a role in today’s politics in the world? If so, name a country or countries affected by nationalism~~.~~</span>~~
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Admin at 14:41, 21 July 2023

2023-07-21T14:41:23Z

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	\| style="width: 50%;" \| <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart'''</span>		\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Nationalism Breaks Empires Apart'''</span>
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	<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Questions'''</span>		<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Questions'''</span>

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	# <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Do you think nationalism plays a role in today’s politics in the world? If so, name a country or countries affected by nationalism.</span>		# <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Do you think nationalism plays a role in today’s politics in the world? If so, name a country or countries affected by nationalism.</span>
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Admin at 02:12, 19 July 2023

2023-07-19T02:12:22Z

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Admin at 02:11, 19 July 2023

2023-07-19T02:11:57Z

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	'''Questions'''		<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Questions'''</span>

	# Name three (3) Empires that nationalism broke apart and for each describe in detail how nationalism affected them.		# <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Name three (3) Empires that nationalism broke apart and for each describe in detail how nationalism affected them.</span>
	# Do you think nationalism plays a role in today’s politics in the world? If so, name a country or countries affected by nationalism.		# <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Do you think nationalism plays a role in today’s politics in the world? If so, name a country or countries affected by nationalism.</span>
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	<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Process Step 4]] [[Image:next.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Evaluation\|]]</center>		<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Process Step 4]] [[Image:next.jpg\|75px\|link=Nationalism - Evaluation\|]]</center>

Admin: 1 revision imported

2021-12-23T13:40:04Z

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	<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >tually toppled these empires.</span>		<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Three aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages.</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and even</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">tually toppled these empires.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''The Breakup of the Austrian Empire:''' The Austrian Empire brought together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. With its victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Prussia gained control of the newly organized North German Confederation, a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >union of Prussia and 21 smaller German political units. Then, pressured by the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''The Breakup of the Austrian Empire:''' The Austrian Empire brought together</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.<br></span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. With its victory, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Prussia gained control of the newly organized North German Confederation, a </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">union of Prussia and 21 smaller German political units. Then, pressured by the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist dis</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''The Russian Empire Crumbles:''' Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >ruled over 22 million Ukrainians, 8 million Poles, and smaller numbers of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians,</span~~><br~~><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''The Russian Empire Crumbles:''' Nationalism also helped break up the 370-year-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">ruled over 22 million Ukrainians, 8 million Poles, and smaller numbers of </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >on all the ethnic groups ~~ ~~in the empire. This policy actually strengthened ethnic</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. The weakened czarist empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917.~~ ~~</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">on all the ethnic groups in the empire. This policy actually strengthened ethnic and </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. The weakened czarist empire </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist rev</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">olution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917.</span>

	<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''The Ottoman Empire Weakens: '''The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under</span~~><br~~><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and</span~~><br~~><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >World War I.</span>		<br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''The Ottoman Empire Weakens: '''The ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the sit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">uation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">World War I.</span>
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	\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center; height: 59px;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN (HAPSBURG) EMPIRE '''</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''ETHNICITY MAP'''</span><br>		\| style="width: 100%; text-align: center; height: 59px;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN (HAPSBURG) EMPIRE '''</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''ETHNICITY MAP'''</span><br>
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	\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px;" \| [[File:F172e60c0ed9731708f150ba850d5b60-2274195194.png\|500px\|center\|frameless]]		\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px;" \| [[File:F172e60c0ed9731708f150ba850d5b60-2274195194.png\|500px\|center\|frameless]]
	\|- style="height: 23px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 199);"		\|- style="height: 23px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 199);"
	\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''RUSSIAN EMPIRE '''</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''ETHNICITY MAP'''</span><br>		\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''RUSSIAN EMPIRE '''</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''ETHNICITY MAP'''</span><br>
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	\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px;" \| [[File:Russia-ethnic-groups.jpg\|500px\|center\|frameless]]		\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px;" \| [[File:Russia-ethnic-groups.jpg\|500px\|center\|frameless]]
	\|- style="height: 23px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 199);"		\|- style="height: 23px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 199);"
	\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''OTTOMAN EMPIRE'''</span><br>		\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px; text-align: center;" \| <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;">'''OTTOMAN EMPIRE'''</span><br>
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	\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px;" \| [[File:European+Powers+Divide+Up+Ottoman+Empire.jpg\|600px\|center\|frameless]]<br>		\| style="width: 100%; height: 23px;" \| [[File:European+Powers+Divide+Up+Ottoman+Empire.jpg\|600px\|center\|frameless]]<br>
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