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== Enlightenment Quiz ==

The following is a quiz about the Enlightenment & the Scientific Revolution in Europe.

Take this quiz as often as you would like and print out a successful quiz for extra credit.
{{#professor:Quiz #11 - The Enlightenment}}
<quiz>
{
"The rule of law is more powerful than the rule of the tyrant." — Simon Bolivar

"Whoever has the . . . supreme power . . . is bound to govern by established standing laws." — John Locke

The statements above were expressed during which period of European history?
|type="[]"}
-Pax Romana
-Middle Ages
+Enlightenment
-Renaissance

{
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness . . . ."

The statement best represents the values of
|type="[]"}
+the Enlightenment
-Social Darwinism
-feudalism
-communism

{
One way in which Maximilien Robespierre, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Saddam Hussein are similar is that these leaders all
|type="[]"}
-purged their nations of political opponents
-followed the teachings of Karl Marx
+supported the ideals of the European Enlightenment
-obtained their goals through the use of passive resistance

{
Base your answer to the following question on the excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies.

". . . The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together." — Bishop Jacques Bossuet

This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the
|type="[]"}
+Enlightenment
-Age of Absolutism
-Renaissance
-Industrial Revolution

{
_______________________________________________________________________________

*Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.
*Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property.
*Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong.
_______________________________________________________________________________

During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed?
|type="[]"}
-Pax Romana
-Age of Exploration
+Enlightenment
-Age of Imperialism

{
Which change was introduced by Peter the Great to Russia in the 17th century?
|type="[]"}
-spread of the philosophies of the Enlightenment to the peasant class
-development of representative government in the provinces
+introduction of Western technology to the military and industry
-selling of indulgences to raise money

{
One way in which Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are similar is that they were
|type="[]"}
+philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment
-chief ministers during the French Revolution
-leaders of the Italian unification movement
-supporters of the Counter Reformation

{
One similarity between Martin Luther and Henry VIII is that they
|type="[]"}
-argued against the establishment of a theocratic state
-protested against the ideas of the Enlightenment
-died during the Reign of Terror
+challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church

{
Base your answer to the following question on the statements below.

...The Laws ought to be so framed, as to secure the Safety of every citizen as much as possible.

...The Equality of the Citizens consists in this; that they should all be subject to the same Laws...

– Documents of Catherine the Great, W.F. Reddaway, ed., Cambridge University Press (adapted)

These ideas of Catherine the Great of Russia originated during the
|type="[]"}
-Age of Exploration
+Age of Enlightenment
-Protestant Reformation
-French Revolution

{
Locke's Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau's The Social Contract, and Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws were works written during which time period?
|type="[]"}
-Middle Ages
-Renaissance
+Enlightenment
-Reformation

{
Base your answer to the following question on the excerpt below.

Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. . . .
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. . . .
Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. . . . — The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

In which time period of Western history did thinkers first express these ideas in written form?
|type="[]"}
-Renaissance
-Reformation
+Enlightenment
-Middle Ages

{
The ideas expressed in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights most closely reflect the political philosophy of the
|type="[]"}
-Scientific Revolution
+Age of Enlightenment
-Commercial Revolution
-Middle Ages

{
Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to
|type="[]"}
-reinforce traditional beliefs
-strengthen religious authority
+reveal natural laws
-encourage censorship

{
Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment?
|type="[]"}
-The king is sacred and answers only to God.
-History is a continuous struggle between social classes.
-Those who are the most fit will survive and succeed.
+All individuals have natural rights.

{
One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that
|type="[]"}
-absolute monarchies should continue
-the punishment should fit the crime
-individual rights should be denied
+governments should be based on the consent of the people

{
The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19th-century uprisings in
|type="[]"}
+Latin America
-the Middle East
-Vietnam
-Japan

{
Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by
|type="[]"}
-relying on faith and divine right
-borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome
+applying reason and the laws of nature
-studying the practices of successful leaders

{
One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they
|type="[]"}
+encouraged the spread of new ideas
-strengthened traditional institutions
-led to the Protestant Reformation
-rejected Renaissance individualism

{
One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both
|type="[]"}
-had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
-placed great value on traditional beliefs
+emphasized the value of human reasoning
-contributed to the end of feudalism

{
The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the power of government is derived from
|type="[]"}
-divine right rulers
-the middle class
-a strong military
+those who are governed

{
A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for
|type="[]"}
-a return to traditional medieval ideas
+the use of reason for rational and logical thinking
-overseas expansion by western European nations
-strengthening the power of the organized religions

{
The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that government decisions should be based on
|type="[]"}
-fundamental religious beliefs
-the concept of divine right of kings
+laws of nature and reason
-traditional values

{
European political thinkers who supported the Enlightenment believed that
|type="[]"}
-religious tolerance is a dangerous concept
-an absolute monarchy is the most effective government
+governments should protect the rights of people
-civil liberties should be given as rewards for political loyalty

{
The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of
|type="[]"}
-socialism
-imperialism
+the natural rights of man
-the divine right monarchies

{
One similarity between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment is that both historic periods
|type="[]"}
+produced major cultural changes
-encouraged traditional values
-limited technological advancements
-ignored individual achievements

{
Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?
|type="[]"}
-Pax Romana
-Middle Ages
-Age of Exploration
+Scientific Revolution

{
Which idea became a central belief of the Enlightenment?
|type="[]"}
+The use of reason would lead to human progress.
-Mathematics could be used to solve all human problems.
-The ancient Romans had the best form of government.
-People should give up their natural rights to their rulers.

{
“. . . Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. . . ." -- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789

Which principle of the Enlightenment philosophers is expressed in this quotation from the French Revolution?
|type="[]"}
+natural law
-nationalism
-free trade
-socialism

{
Which sequence of events is listed in the correct chronological order?
|type="[]"}
+Crusades -> Enlightenment -> French Revolution
-French Revolution -> Enlightenment -> Crusades
-French Revolution -> Crusades -> Enlightenment
-Enlightenment -> Crusades -> French Revolution

{
What was a belief of many writers of the Enlightenment?
|type="[]"}
-The wealthy class should govern society.
-People are basically evil.
-Kings are responsible only to God.
+Ideas can be proven by reason.

{
Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in
|type="[]"}
+changing the relationship between people and their government
-supporting the divine right theory
-debating the role of the Church in society
-promoting increased powers for European monarchs

{
During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they
|type="[]"}
-relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
-favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
-received support from the Catholic Church
+examined natural laws governing the universe

{
Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?
|type="[]"}
-Feudalism became the dominant political system.
-The use of reason and logic was discouraged.
-Technology and science were considered unimportant.
+A new questioning spirit and attitude emerged.

</quiz>

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